Women worldwide face reproductive difficulties including ovarian failure and infertility because of conditions such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and age-related ovarian reserve decline. The current medical treatments of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) provide relief through symptoms management or reproductive alternatives yet they fail to activate the ovaries' natural operation. Stem cell therapy has recently appeared as a promising regenerative treatment which shows potential to bring back the dual endocrine and reproductive capabilities of damaged ovarian tissue.

The evaluation examines the different stem cell types used for ovarian regeneration including MSCs, ESCs and iPSCs. The article explains how these cells achieve ovarian repair by enabling angiogenesis together with anti-apoptotic effects and immunomodulation and endogenous follicle recruitment. The evaluation examines both positive research results and current study constraints in preclinical and clinical investigations.

The review examines essential ethical matters and safety concerns by studying tumorigenicity and immune rejection and moral issues related to ESC use. The review investigates stem cell research activities across different regions including Arab nations and it outlines future research directions that require standardized methods and extended patient monitoring and regulatory guidelines. Stem cell therapy remains in its initial clinical development yet demonstrates potential to restore fertility while enhancing the quality of life for women with ovarian failure.